The bones of the spine are designed to move, while at the same time protecting the spinal cord and nerve roots. But, sometimes they become "stuck," don't move enough or they move too much. This can be caused by physical trauma (repetitive motion, car accidents, slips, falls, etc.), emotional stress (worry, negative thoughts, fear, etc.), or chemical imbalances (alcohol, drugs, toxins, pollution, etc.). When spinal joints are fixated ("stuck") and not moving enough, they force other joints to move too much. These problems can distort normal spinal curves and compromise proper function. In some cases, problems in one area of the spine can cause compensation reactions in other areas! Doctors can detect this aspect of the Vertebral Subluxation Complex by analyzing your posture, taking diagnostic X-rays, measuring your ability to turn and bend, plus other tests.    · Introduction  · Spinal Kinesiopathology  · Neuropathophysiology  · Myopathology  · Histopathology  · Pathophysiology     · REFERENCES · Cailliet, Rene, M.D., Pain: Mechanisms and Management, F.A. Davis Co., 1977. Cyraix, J., M.D., Orthopedic Medicine, Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Lesions, Baillere Tindell, Vol. 1, 1984. Gray, H. 1827-1861, Grays Anatomy, Edited by Peter L. Williams, 37th Edition, Churchill-Livingstone, 1989, Reprinted 1993. Hochschuler, S., M.D., Texas Back Institute, Back in Shape, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991. Jackson, R., M.D., The Cervical Syndrome, Charles C. Thomas Co., 1977. Kellet, J., Acute Soft Tissue Injuries: A Review of the Literature, Medicine, Science of Sports and Exercise, American College of Sports Medicine, Volume 18, No. 5:489-500, 1986. Kirkaldy-Willis, W., M.D., Burton Charles, M.D., Managing Low Back Pain, 3rd edition, 1993. Leach, R., D.C., The Chiropractic Theories, 2nd Edition, Williams and Wilkins, 1986. Lewit, Karl, MUDr., Doc. Dsc, Manipulative Therapy in Rehabilitation of the Motor System, Butterworth, 1987. Roy, S., M.D., Irwin, R., M.D., Sports Medicine: Prevent, Evaluate, Management, and Rehabilitation, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1983. Schafer, D.C., Faye, D.C., Motion Palpation and Chiropractic Technique, 2nd edition, Motion Palpation Institute, 1990. © 1999 Back Talk Systems, Inc.